attending physician China Agricultural University Veterinary Teaching Hospital Beijing, Beijing, China (People's Republic)
Abstract: Background – Testicular tumors are the most common tumors of the canine male genitalia. However, studies in China with a large sample size were rare. Hypothesis/Objectives – The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence and outcome of testicular tumors in dogs, and to explore the influence of tumor itself and bone marrow suppression on the prognosis. Animals – 101 eligible canine testicular tumor cases were collected from the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of China Agricultural University from May 2020 to July 2022. Methods – The clinical records were retrospectively reviewed. Dogs with non-neoplastic testicular disease were excluded. Signalment, clinical presentation, clinicopathological abnormalities, treatment, and histopathology results were recorded. Results – Leydig cell tumor (51.7%), seminomas (27.3%) and Sertoli cell tumor (17.5%) were the most common types of testicular tumors. Sertoli cell tumor (76.9%) was the most common tumor type of abdominal cryptorchid tumor. Poodles (22.8%), golden retrievers (19.8%) and mixed breed dogs (8.9%) were the most common breeds. The mean age at diagnosis was 10.9 years. There was no significant difference in the age at diagnosis between different types of tumors (P > 0.05). 4 (3.9%) cases had pancytopenia and all were diagnosed with abdominal cryptorchid Sertoli cell tumor, accounting for 17.4% (4/23) of all Sertoli cell tumor cases and 44.4% (4/9) of the cases that were diagnosed with abdominal cryptorchid Sertoli cell tumor. 4.2% (4/95) had lymph node involvement and a single patient had lung metastasis. The prognosis of dogs with pancytopenia were poor, and the survival period was within 30 days. The overall half year, one-year and two-year survival rates of affected dogs were 88.4%, 73.8% and 44.4% respectively. The cause of most of the fatal cases (61.5%) were not related to testicular tumors. Conclusions and clinical importance – The overall prognosis of dogs with testicular tumors was excellent, but for cases with pancytopenia or metastasis, the prognosis were grim.
